Please post a screenshot of what you see in AppData/Local/atom/. Sometimes the commands don’t get installed correctly, in which case you may have run into this issue:
Please try the workaround provided and tell me if that works. Open the command line and cd to the folder Atom is installed in, then run:
atom --squirrel-updated
It should create a folder called bin/ with four files in it. If that doesn’t work, you can download copies of those files from here and create the folder yourself and that will work (you may need to add that folder to your Path if it isn’t there already.)
To fix the issue where Atom fails to load, you can try renaming the .atom/ folder in your user directory. That will be effectively the same as running atom --safe.
Okay, I want you to try something weird: move that folder off of your desktop and outside of your user folder. You can put it in C:/ or on another drive or anywhere else except the protected folders (that might cause another bug). It might be that the special characters in your username are causing trouble for the filename resolution when Atom starts up.